defmodule Ecto.UUID do
  @moduledoc """
  An Ecto type for UUID strings.
  """

  use Ecto.Type

  @typedoc """
  A hex-encoded UUID string.
  """
  @type t :: <<_::288>>

  @typedoc """
  A raw binary representation of a UUID.
  """
  @type raw :: <<_::128>>

  @doc false
  def type, do: :uuid

  @doc """
  Casts either a string in the canonical, human-readable UUID format or a
  16-byte binary to a UUID in its canonical, human-readable UUID format.

  If `uuid` is neither of these, `:error` will be returned.

  Since both binaries and strings are represent as binaries, this means some
  strings you may not expect are actually also valid UUIDs in their binary form
  and so will be casted into their string form.

  If you need further-restricted behavior or validation, you should define your
  own custom `Ecto.Type`. There is also `Ecto.UUID.load/1` if you only want to
  process `raw` UUIDs, which may be a more suitable reverse operation to
  `Ecto.UUID.dump/1`.

  ## Examples

      iex> Ecto.UUID.cast(<<0x60, 0x1D, 0x74, 0xE4, 0xA8, 0xD3, 0x4B, 0x6E,
      ...>                  0x83, 0x65, 0xED, 0xDB, 0x4C, 0x89, 0x33, 0x27>>)
      {:ok, "601d74e4-a8d3-4b6e-8365-eddb4c893327"}

      iex> Ecto.UUID.cast("601d74e4-a8d3-4b6e-8365-eddb4c893327")
      {:ok, "601d74e4-a8d3-4b6e-8365-eddb4c893327"}

      iex> Ecto.UUID.cast("warehouse worker")
      {:ok, "77617265-686f-7573-6520-776f726b6572"}
  """
  @spec cast(t | raw | any) :: {:ok, t} | :error
  def cast(uuid)
  def cast(
        <<a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, ?-, b1, b2, b3, b4, ?-, c1, c2, c3, c4, ?-, d1, d2, d3,
          d4, ?-, e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6, e7, e8, e9, e10, e11, e12>>
      ) do
    <<c(a1), c(a2), c(a3), c(a4), c(a5), c(a6), c(a7), c(a8), ?-, c(b1), c(b2), c(b3), c(b4), ?-,
      c(c1), c(c2), c(c3), c(c4), ?-, c(d1), c(d2), c(d3), c(d4), ?-, c(e1), c(e2), c(e3), c(e4),
      c(e5), c(e6), c(e7), c(e8), c(e9), c(e10), c(e11), c(e12)>>
  catch
    :error -> :error
  else
    hex_uuid -> {:ok, hex_uuid}
  end

  def cast(<<_::128>> = raw_uuid), do: {:ok, encode(raw_uuid)}
  def cast(_), do: :error

  @doc """
  Same as `cast/1` but raises `Ecto.CastError` on invalid arguments.
  """
  @spec cast!(t | raw | any) :: t
  def cast!(uuid) do
    case cast(uuid) do
      {:ok, hex_uuid} -> hex_uuid
      :error -> raise Ecto.CastError, type: __MODULE__, value: uuid
    end
  end

  @compile {:inline, c: 1}

  defp c(?0), do: ?0
  defp c(?1), do: ?1
  defp c(?2), do: ?2
  defp c(?3), do: ?3
  defp c(?4), do: ?4
  defp c(?5), do: ?5
  defp c(?6), do: ?6
  defp c(?7), do: ?7
  defp c(?8), do: ?8
  defp c(?9), do: ?9
  defp c(?A), do: ?a
  defp c(?B), do: ?b
  defp c(?C), do: ?c
  defp c(?D), do: ?d
  defp c(?E), do: ?e
  defp c(?F), do: ?f
  defp c(?a), do: ?a
  defp c(?b), do: ?b
  defp c(?c), do: ?c
  defp c(?d), do: ?d
  defp c(?e), do: ?e
  defp c(?f), do: ?f
  defp c(_), do: throw(:error)

  @doc """
  Converts a string representing a UUID into a raw binary.
  """
  @spec dump(uuid_string :: t | any) :: {:ok, raw} | :error
  def dump(uuid_string)
  def dump(
        <<a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, ?-, b1, b2, b3, b4, ?-, c1, c2, c3, c4, ?-, d1, d2, d3,
          d4, ?-, e1, e2, e3, e4, e5, e6, e7, e8, e9, e10, e11, e12>>
      ) do
    <<d(a1)::4, d(a2)::4, d(a3)::4, d(a4)::4, d(a5)::4, d(a6)::4, d(a7)::4, d(a8)::4, d(b1)::4,
      d(b2)::4, d(b3)::4, d(b4)::4, d(c1)::4, d(c2)::4, d(c3)::4, d(c4)::4, d(d1)::4, d(d2)::4,
      d(d3)::4, d(d4)::4, d(e1)::4, d(e2)::4, d(e3)::4, d(e4)::4, d(e5)::4, d(e6)::4, d(e7)::4,
      d(e8)::4, d(e9)::4, d(e10)::4, d(e11)::4, d(e12)::4>>
  catch
    :error -> :error
  else
    raw_uuid -> {:ok, raw_uuid}
  end

  def dump(_), do: :error

  @compile {:inline, d: 1}

  defp d(?0), do: 0
  defp d(?1), do: 1
  defp d(?2), do: 2
  defp d(?3), do: 3
  defp d(?4), do: 4
  defp d(?5), do: 5
  defp d(?6), do: 6
  defp d(?7), do: 7
  defp d(?8), do: 8
  defp d(?9), do: 9
  defp d(?A), do: 10
  defp d(?B), do: 11
  defp d(?C), do: 12
  defp d(?D), do: 13
  defp d(?E), do: 14
  defp d(?F), do: 15
  defp d(?a), do: 10
  defp d(?b), do: 11
  defp d(?c), do: 12
  defp d(?d), do: 13
  defp d(?e), do: 14
  defp d(?f), do: 15
  defp d(_), do: throw(:error)

  @doc """
  Same as `dump/1` but raises `Ecto.ArgumentError` on invalid arguments.
  """
  @spec dump!(t | any) :: raw
  def dump!(uuid) do
    case dump(uuid) do
      {:ok, raw_uuid} -> raw_uuid
      :error -> raise ArgumentError, "cannot dump given UUID to binary: #{inspect(uuid)}"
    end
  end

  @doc """
  Converts a binary UUID into a string.
  """
  @spec load(raw | any) :: {:ok, t} | :error
  def load(<<_::128>> = raw_uuid), do: {:ok, encode(raw_uuid)}

  def load(<<_::64, ?-, _::32, ?-, _::32, ?-, _::32, ?-, _::96>> = string) do
    raise ArgumentError,
          "trying to load string UUID as Ecto.UUID: #{inspect(string)}. " <>
            "Maybe you wanted to declare :uuid as your database field?"
  end

  def load(_), do: :error

  @doc """
  Same as `load/1` but raises `Ecto.ArgumentError` on invalid arguments.
  """
  @spec load!(raw | any) :: t
  def load!(value) do
    case load(value) do
      {:ok, hex_uuid} -> hex_uuid
      :error -> raise ArgumentError, "cannot load given binary as UUID: #{inspect(value)}"
    end
  end

  @doc """
  Generates a random, version 4 UUID.
  """
  @spec generate() :: t
  def generate(), do: encode(bingenerate())

  @doc """
  Generates a random, version 4 UUID in the binary format.
  """
  @spec bingenerate() :: raw
  def bingenerate() do
    <<u0::48, _::4, u1::12, _::2, u2::62>> = :crypto.strong_rand_bytes(16)
    <<u0::48, 4::4, u1::12, 2::2, u2::62>>
  end

  # Callback invoked by autogenerate fields.
  @doc false
  def autogenerate, do: generate()

  @spec encode(raw) :: t
  defp encode(
         <<a1::4, a2::4, a3::4, a4::4, a5::4, a6::4, a7::4, a8::4, b1::4, b2::4, b3::4, b4::4,
           c1::4, c2::4, c3::4, c4::4, d1::4, d2::4, d3::4, d4::4, e1::4, e2::4, e3::4, e4::4,
           e5::4, e6::4, e7::4, e8::4, e9::4, e10::4, e11::4, e12::4>>
       ) do
    <<e(a1), e(a2), e(a3), e(a4), e(a5), e(a6), e(a7), e(a8), ?-, e(b1), e(b2), e(b3), e(b4), ?-,
      e(c1), e(c2), e(c3), e(c4), ?-, e(d1), e(d2), e(d3), e(d4), ?-, e(e1), e(e2), e(e3), e(e4),
      e(e5), e(e6), e(e7), e(e8), e(e9), e(e10), e(e11), e(e12)>>
  end

  @compile {:inline, e: 1}

  defp e(0), do: ?0
  defp e(1), do: ?1
  defp e(2), do: ?2
  defp e(3), do: ?3
  defp e(4), do: ?4
  defp e(5), do: ?5
  defp e(6), do: ?6
  defp e(7), do: ?7
  defp e(8), do: ?8
  defp e(9), do: ?9
  defp e(10), do: ?a
  defp e(11), do: ?b
  defp e(12), do: ?c
  defp e(13), do: ?d
  defp e(14), do: ?e
  defp e(15), do: ?f
end
