/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
 * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
 * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
 * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
 * specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */
package org.apache.maven.doxia.util;

import javax.swing.text.html.HTML.Tag;

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.maven.doxia.markup.HtmlMarkup;

/**
 * The <code>HtmlTools</code> class defines methods to HTML handling.
 *
 * @author <a href="mailto:vincent.siveton@gmail.com">Vincent Siveton</a>
 * @since 1.0
 */
public class HtmlTools {
    private static final Tag[] ALL_TAGS = {
        HtmlMarkup.A,
        HtmlMarkup.ABBR,
        HtmlMarkup.ADDRESS,
        HtmlMarkup.AREA,
        HtmlMarkup.ARTICLE,
        HtmlMarkup.ASIDE,
        HtmlMarkup.AUDIO,
        HtmlMarkup.B,
        HtmlMarkup.BASE,
        HtmlMarkup.BDI,
        HtmlMarkup.BDO,
        HtmlMarkup.BLOCKQUOTE,
        HtmlMarkup.BODY,
        HtmlMarkup.BR,
        HtmlMarkup.BUTTON,
        HtmlMarkup.CANVAS,
        HtmlMarkup.CAPTION,
        HtmlMarkup.CITE,
        HtmlMarkup.CODE,
        HtmlMarkup.COL,
        HtmlMarkup.COLGROUP,
        HtmlMarkup.COMMAND,
        HtmlMarkup.DATA,
        HtmlMarkup.DATALIST,
        HtmlMarkup.DD,
        HtmlMarkup.DEL,
        HtmlMarkup.DETAILS,
        HtmlMarkup.DFN,
        HtmlMarkup.DIALOG,
        HtmlMarkup.DIV,
        HtmlMarkup.DL,
        HtmlMarkup.DT,
        HtmlMarkup.EM,
        HtmlMarkup.EMBED,
        HtmlMarkup.FIELDSET,
        HtmlMarkup.FIGCAPTION,
        HtmlMarkup.FIGURE,
        HtmlMarkup.FOOTER,
        HtmlMarkup.FORM,
        HtmlMarkup.H1,
        HtmlMarkup.H2,
        HtmlMarkup.H3,
        HtmlMarkup.H4,
        HtmlMarkup.H5,
        HtmlMarkup.HEAD,
        HtmlMarkup.HEADER,
        HtmlMarkup.HGROUP,
        HtmlMarkup.HR,
        HtmlMarkup.HTML,
        HtmlMarkup.I,
        HtmlMarkup.IFRAME,
        HtmlMarkup.IMG,
        HtmlMarkup.INPUT,
        HtmlMarkup.INS,
        HtmlMarkup.KBD,
        HtmlMarkup.KEYGEN,
        HtmlMarkup.LABEL,
        HtmlMarkup.LEGEND,
        HtmlMarkup.LI,
        HtmlMarkup.LINK,
        HtmlMarkup.MAIN,
        HtmlMarkup.MAP,
        HtmlMarkup.MARK,
        HtmlMarkup.MENU,
        HtmlMarkup.MENUITEM,
        HtmlMarkup.META,
        HtmlMarkup.METER,
        HtmlMarkup.NAV,
        HtmlMarkup.NOSCRIPT,
        HtmlMarkup.OBJECT,
        HtmlMarkup.OL,
        HtmlMarkup.OPTGROUP,
        HtmlMarkup.OPTION,
        HtmlMarkup.OUTPUT,
        HtmlMarkup.P,
        HtmlMarkup.PARAM,
        HtmlMarkup.PICTURE,
        HtmlMarkup.PRE,
        HtmlMarkup.PROGRESS,
        HtmlMarkup.Q,
        HtmlMarkup.RP,
        HtmlMarkup.RT,
        HtmlMarkup.RUBY,
        HtmlMarkup.S,
        HtmlMarkup.SAMP,
        HtmlMarkup.SECTION,
        HtmlMarkup.SCRIPT,
        HtmlMarkup.SELECT,
        HtmlMarkup.SMALL,
        HtmlMarkup.SOURCE,
        HtmlMarkup.SPAN,
        HtmlMarkup.STRONG,
        HtmlMarkup.STYLE,
        HtmlMarkup.SUB,
        HtmlMarkup.SUMMARY,
        HtmlMarkup.SUP,
        HtmlMarkup.SVG,
        HtmlMarkup.TABLE,
        HtmlMarkup.TBODY,
        HtmlMarkup.TD,
        HtmlMarkup.TEMPLATE,
        HtmlMarkup.TEXTAREA,
        HtmlMarkup.TFOOT,
        HtmlMarkup.TH,
        HtmlMarkup.THEAD,
        HtmlMarkup.TIME,
        HtmlMarkup.TITLE,
        HtmlMarkup.TR,
        HtmlMarkup.TRACK,
        HtmlMarkup.U,
        HtmlMarkup.UL,
        HtmlMarkup.VAR,
        HtmlMarkup.VIDEO,
        HtmlMarkup.WBR
    };

    private static final Map<String, Tag> TAG_MAP = new HashMap<>(ALL_TAGS.length);

    private static final int ASCII = 0x7E;

    static {
        for (Tag tag : ALL_TAGS) {
            TAG_MAP.put(tag.toString(), tag);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Returns a tag for a defined HTML tag name. This is one of
     * the tags defined in {@link org.apache.maven.doxia.markup.HtmlMarkup}.
     * If the given name does not represent one of the defined tags, then
     * <code>null</code> will be returned.
     *
     * @param tagName the <code>String</code> name requested.
     * @return a tag constant corresponding to the <code>tagName</code>,
     *    or <code>null</code> if not found.
     * @see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/index/elements.html">http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/index/elements.html</a>
     * @since 1.1
     */
    public static Tag getHtmlTag(String tagName) {
        return TAG_MAP.get(tagName);
    }

    /**
     * Escape special HTML characters in a String in <code>xml</code> mode.
     *
     * <b>Note</b>: this method doesn't escape non-ascii characters by numeric characters references.
     *
     * @param text the String to escape, may be null.
     * @return The escaped text or the empty string if text == null.
     * @see #escapeHTML(String,boolean)
     */
    public static String escapeHTML(String text) {
        return escapeHTML(text, true);
    }

    /**
     * Escape special HTML characters in a String.
     *
     * <pre>
     * &lt; becomes <code>&#38;lt;</code>
     * &gt; becomes <code>&#38;gt;</code>
     * &amp; becomes <code>&#38;amp;</code>
     * " becomes <code>&#38;quot;</code>
     * ' becomes <code>&#38;apos;</code> if xmlMode = true
     * </pre>
     *
     * If <code>xmlMode</code> is true, every other character than the above remains unchanged,
     * if <code>xmlMode</code> is false, non-ascii characters get replaced by their hex code.
     *
     * <b>Note</b>: all characters are encoded, i.e.:
     * <pre>
     * \u0159       = &#38;#x159;
     * \uD835\uDFED = &#38;#x1d7ed;
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param text The String to escape, may be null.
     * @param xmlMode <code>true</code> to replace also ' to &#38;apos, <code>false</code> to replace non-ascii
     * characters by numeric characters references.
     * @return The escaped text or the empty string if text == null.
     * @since 1.1
     * @see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xml-20001006#sec-predefined-ent">http://www.w3.org/TR/2000/REC-xml-20001006#sec-predefined-ent</a>
     * @see <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/charset.html#h-5.3">http://www.w3.org/TR/html401/charset.html#h-5.3</a>
     */
    public static String escapeHTML(final String text, final boolean xmlMode) {
        if (text == null) {
            return "";
        }

        int length = text.length();
        StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder(length);

        for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
            char c = text.charAt(i);
            switch (c) {
                case '<':
                    buffer.append("&lt;");
                    break;
                case '>':
                    buffer.append("&gt;");
                    break;
                case '&':
                    buffer.append("&amp;");
                    break;
                case '\"':
                    buffer.append("&quot;");
                    break;
                default:
                    if (xmlMode) {
                        if (c == '\'') {
                            buffer.append("&apos;");
                        } else {
                            buffer.append(c);
                        }
                    } else {
                        if (c <= ASCII) {
                            // ASCII.
                            buffer.append(c);
                        } else {
                            buffer.append("&#x");
                            if (isHighSurrogate(c)) {
                                buffer.append(Integer.toHexString(toCodePoint(c, text.charAt(++i))));
                            } else {
                                buffer.append(Integer.toHexString(c));
                            }
                            buffer.append(';');
                        }
                    }
            }
        }

        return buffer.toString();
    }

    /**
     * Unescapes HTML entities in a string in non xml mode.
     *
     * @param text the <code>String</code> to unescape, may be null.
     * @return a new unescaped <code>String</code>, <code>null</code> if null string input.
     * @since 1.1.1.
     * @see #unescapeHTML(String, boolean)
     */
    public static String unescapeHTML(String text) {
        return unescapeHTML(text, false);
    }

    /**
     * Unescapes HTML entities in a string.
     *
     * <p> Unescapes a string containing entity escapes to a string
     * containing the actual Unicode characters corresponding to the
     * escapes. Supports HTML 4.0 entities.</p>
     *
     * <p>For example, the string "&amp;lt;Fran&amp;ccedil;ais&amp;gt;"
     * will become "&lt;Fran&ccedil;ais&gt;".</p>
     *
     * <b>Note</b>: all unicode entities are decoded, i.e.:
     * <pre>
     * &#38;#x159;   = \u0159
     * &#38;#x1d7ed; = \uD835\uDFED
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param text the <code>String</code> to unescape, may be null.
     * @param xmlMode set to <code>true</code> to replace &#38;apos by '.
     * @return a new unescaped <code>String</code>, <code>null</code> if null string input.
     * @since 1.1.1.
     */
    public static String unescapeHTML(String text, boolean xmlMode) {
        if (text == null) {
            return null;
        }

        String unescaped;
        if (xmlMode) {
            unescaped = HtmlEntityUtils.unescapeXml(text);
        } else {
            // HtmlEntityUtils.unescapeHtml4 returns entities it doesn't recognize unchanged
            unescaped = HtmlEntityUtils.unescapeHtml4(text);
        }

        String tmp = unescaped;
        List<String> entities = new ArrayList<>();
        while (true) {
            int i = tmp.indexOf("&#x");
            if (i == -1) {
                break;
            }

            tmp = tmp.substring(i + 3);
            if (tmp.indexOf(';') != -1) {
                String entity = tmp.substring(0, tmp.indexOf(';'));
                try {
                    Integer.parseInt(entity, 16);
                    entities.add(entity);
                } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                    // nop
                }
            }
        }

        for (String entity : entities) {
            int codePoint = Integer.parseInt(entity, 16);
            unescaped = DoxiaStringUtils.replace(unescaped, "&#x" + entity + ";", new String(toChars(codePoint)));
        }

        return unescaped;
    }

    /**
     * Encode an url
     *
     * @param url the String to encode, may be null
     * @return the text encoded, null if null String input
     */
    public static String encodeURL(String url) {
        if (url == null) {
            return null;
        }

        StringBuilder encoded = new StringBuilder();
        int length = url.length();

        char[] unicode = new char[1];

        for (int i = 0; i < length; ++i) {
            char c = url.charAt(i);

            switch (c) {
                case ';':
                case '/':
                case '?':
                case ':':
                case '@':
                case '&':
                case '=':
                case '+':
                case '$':
                case ',':
                case '[':
                case ']': // RFC 2732 (IPV6)
                case '-':
                case '_':
                case '.':
                case '!':
                case '~':
                case '*':
                case '\'':
                case '(':
                case ')':
                case '#': // XLink mark
                    encoded.append(c);
                    break;
                default:
                    if ((c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') || (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') || (c >= '0' && c <= '9')) {
                        encoded.append(c);
                    } else {
                        byte[] bytes;

                        if (isHighSurrogate(c)) {
                            int codePoint = toCodePoint(c, url.charAt(++i));
                            unicode = toChars(codePoint);
                            bytes = (new String(unicode, 0, unicode.length)).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
                        } else {
                            unicode[0] = c;
                            bytes = (new String(unicode, 0, 1)).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
                        }

                        for (byte aByte : bytes) {
                            encoded.append('%');
                            encoded.append(String.format("%02X", aByte));
                        }
                    }
            }
        }

        return encoded.toString();
    }

    private HtmlTools() {
        // utility class
    }

    //
    // Imported code from ASF Harmony project rev 770909
    // http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/harmony/enhanced/classlib/trunk/modules/luni/src/main/java/java/lang/Character.java
    //

    private static final char LUNATE_SIGMA = 0x3FF;
    private static final char NON_PRIVATE_USE_HIGH_SURROGATE = 0xD800;
    private static final char LOW_SURROGATE = 0xDC00;

    private static int toCodePoint(char high, char low) {
        // See RFC 2781, Section 2.2
        // http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc2781.html
        int h = (high & LUNATE_SIGMA) << 10;
        int l = low & LUNATE_SIGMA;
        return (h | l) + MIN_SUPPLEMENTARY_CODE_POINT;
    }

    private static final char MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE = '\uD800';
    private static final char MAX_HIGH_SURROGATE = '\uDBFF';

    private static boolean isHighSurrogate(char ch) {
        return (MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE <= ch && MAX_HIGH_SURROGATE >= ch);
    }

    private static final int MIN_CODE_POINT = 0x000000;
    private static final int MAX_CODE_POINT = 0x10FFFF;
    private static final int MIN_SUPPLEMENTARY_CODE_POINT = 0x10000;

    private static boolean isValidCodePoint(int codePoint) {
        return (MIN_CODE_POINT <= codePoint && MAX_CODE_POINT >= codePoint);
    }

    private static boolean isSupplementaryCodePoint(int codePoint) {
        return (MIN_SUPPLEMENTARY_CODE_POINT <= codePoint && MAX_CODE_POINT >= codePoint);
    }

    /**
     * Converts the given code point to an equivalent character array.
     *
     * @param codePoint the code point to convert.
     * @return If codePoint is a supplementary code point, returns a character array of length 2,
     * otherwise a character array of length 1 containing only the original int as a char.
     */
    public static char[] toChars(int codePoint) {
        if (!isValidCodePoint(codePoint)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Code point " + codePoint + " is not valid");
        }

        if (isSupplementaryCodePoint(codePoint)) {
            int cpPrime = codePoint - MIN_SUPPLEMENTARY_CODE_POINT;
            int high = NON_PRIVATE_USE_HIGH_SURROGATE | ((cpPrime >> 10) & LUNATE_SIGMA);
            int low = LOW_SURROGATE | (cpPrime & LUNATE_SIGMA);
            return new char[] {(char) high, (char) low};
        }
        return new char[] {(char) codePoint};
    }
}
