nto-qnx
Tier: 3
The QNX® Neutrino (nto) Real-time operating system. Known as QNX OS from version 8 onwards.
This support has been implemented jointly by Elektrobit Automotive GmbH and QNX.
Target maintainers
- Florian Bartels,
Florian.Bartels@elektrobit.com, https://github.com/flba-eb - Tristan Roach,
TRoach@blackberry.com, https://github.com/gh-tr - Jonathan Pallant
Jonathan.Pallant@ferrous-systems.com, https://github.com/jonathanpallant - Jorge Aparicio
Jorge.Aparicio@ferrous-systems.com, https://github.com/japaric
Requirements
Currently, the following QNX versions and compilation targets are supported:
| Target Tuple | QNX Version | Target Architecture | Full support | no_std support |
|---|---|---|---|---|
aarch64-unknown-nto-qnx800 | QNX OS 8.0 | AArch64 | ? | ✓ |
x86_64-pc-nto-qnx800 | QNX OS 8.0 | x86_64 | ? | ✓ |
aarch64-unknown-nto-qnx710 | QNX Neutrino 7.1 with io-pkt | AArch64 | ✓ | ✓ |
x86_64-pc-nto-qnx710 | QNX Neutrino 7.1 with io-pkt | x86_64 | ✓ | ✓ |
aarch64-unknown-nto-qnx710_iosock | QNX Neutrino 7.1 with io-sock | AArch64 | ? | ✓ |
x86_64-pc-nto-qnx710_iosock | QNX Neutrino 7.1 with io-sock | x86_64 | ? | ✓ |
aarch64-unknown-nto-qnx700 | QNX Neutrino 7.0 | AArch64 | ? | ✓ |
i586-pc-nto-qnx700 | QNX Neutrino 7.0 | x86 | ✓ |
On QNX Neutrino 7.0 and 7.1, io-pkt is used as network stack by default.
QNX Neutrino 7.1 includes the optional network stack io-sock.
QNX OS 8.0 always uses io-sock. QNX OS 8.0 support is currently work in progress.
Adding other architectures that are supported by QNX is possible.
In the table above, 'full support' indicates support for building Rust applications with the full standard library. A '?' means that support is in-progress.
'no_std support' is for building #![no_std] applications where only core and alloc are available.
For building or using the Rust toolchain for QNX, the
QNX Software Development Platform (SDP)
must be installed and initialized.
Initialization is usually done by sourcing qnxsdp-env.sh (this will be installed as part of the SDP, see also installation instruction provided with the SDP).
Afterwards qcc (QNX C/C++ compiler)
should be available (in the $PATH variable).
qcc will be called e.g. for linking executables.
When linking no_std applications, they must link against libc.so (see example). This is
required because applications always link against the crt library and crt depends on libc.so.
This is done automatically when using the standard library.
Disabling RELocation Read-Only (RELRO)
While not recommended by default, some QNX kernel setups may require the RELRO to be disabled with -C relro_level=off, e.g. by adding it to the .cargo/config.toml file:
[target.aarch64-unknown-nto-qnx700]
rustflags = ["-C", "relro_level=off"]
If your QNX kernel does not allow it, and relro is not disabled, running compiled binary would fail with syntax error: ... unexpected or similar. This is due to kernel trying to interpret compiled binary with /bin/sh, and obviously failing. To verify that this is really the case, run your binary with the DL_DEBUG=all env var, and look for this output. If you see it, you should disable relro as described above.
Resolution scope for Executable->/bin/sh:
Executable->/bin/sh
libc.so.4->/usr/lib/ldqnx-64.so.2
Small example application
Small no_std example is shown below. Applications using the standard library work as well.
#![no_std]
#![no_main]
#![feature(lang_items)]
// We must always link against libc, even if no external functions are used
// "extern C" - Block can be empty but must be present
#[link(name = "c")]
extern "C" {
pub fn printf(format: *const core::ffi::c_char, ...) -> core::ffi::c_int;
}
#[no_mangle]
pub extern "C" fn main(_argc: core::ffi::c_int, _argv: *const *const u8) -> core::ffi::c_int {
const HELLO: &'static str = "Hello World, the answer is %d\n\0";
unsafe {
printf(HELLO.as_ptr() as *const _, 42);
}
0
}
use core::panic::PanicInfo;
#[panic_handler]
fn panic(_panic: &PanicInfo<'_>) -> ! {
loop {}
}
#[lang = "eh_personality"]
#[no_mangle]
pub extern "C" fn rust_eh_personality() {}
The QNX support in Rust has been tested with QNX Neutrino 7.0 and 7.1. Support for QNX OS 8.0 is a work in progress.
There are no further known requirements.
Conditional compilation
For conditional compilation, following QNX specific attributes are defined:
target_os="nto"target_env="nto71"(for QNX Neutrino 7.1 with "classic" network stack "io_pkt")target_env="nto71_iosock"(for QNX Neutrino 7.1 with network stack "io_sock")target_env="nto70"(for QNX Neutrino 7.0)target_env="nto80"(for QNX OS 8.0)
Building the target
-
Create a
config.tomlExample content:
profile = "compiler" change-id = 999999 -
Compile the Rust toolchain for an
x86_64-unknown-linux-gnuhostCompiling the Rust toolchain requires the same environment variables used for compiling C binaries. Refer to the QNX developer manual.
To compile for QNX, environment variables must be set to use the correct tools and compiler switches:
CC_<target>=qccCFLAGS_<target>=<nto_cflag>CXX_<target>=qccAR_<target>=<nto_ar>
With:
-
<target>target triplet using underscores instead of hyphens, e.g.aarch64_unknown_nto_qnx710 -
<nto_cflag>-Vgcc_ntox86_cxxfor x86 (32 bit)-Vgcc_ntox86_64_cxxfor x86_64 (64 bit)-Vgcc_ntoaarch64le_cxxfor Aarch64 (64 bit)
-
<nto_ar>ntox86-arfor x86 (32 bit)ntox86_64-arfor x86_64 (64 bit)ntoaarch64-arfor Aarch64 (64 bit)
Example to build the Rust toolchain including a standard library for x86_64-linux-gnu and Aarch64-QNX-7.1:
export build_env=' CC_aarch64_unknown_nto_qnx710=qcc CFLAGS_aarch64_unknown_nto_qnx710=-Vgcc_ntoaarch64le_cxx CXX_aarch64_unknown_nto_qnx710=qcc AR_aarch64_unknown_nto_qnx710=ntoaarch64-ar ' env $build_env \ ./x.py build \ --target x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu,aarch64-unknown-nto-qnx710 \ rustc library/core library/alloc library/std
Running the Rust test suite
The test suites of the Rust compiler and standard library can be executed much like other Rust targets.
The environment for testing should match the one used during compiler compilation (refer to build_env and qcc/PATH above) with the
addition of the TEST_DEVICE_ADDR environment variable.
The TEST_DEVICE_ADDR variable controls the remote runner and should point to the target, despite localhost being shown in the following example.
Note that some tests are failing which is why they are currently excluded by the target maintainers which can be seen in the following example.
To run all tests on a x86_64 QNX Neutrino 7.1 target:
export TEST_DEVICE_ADDR="localhost:12345" # must address the test target, can be a SSH tunnel
export build_env=<see above>
# Disable tests that only work on the host or don't make sense for this target.
# See also:
# - src/ci/docker/host-x86_64/i686-gnu/Dockerfile
# - https://rust-lang.zulipchat.com/#narrow/stream/182449-t-compiler.2Fhelp/topic/Running.20tests.20on.20remote.20target
# - .github/workflows/ci.yml
export exclude_tests='
--exclude src/bootstrap
--exclude src/tools/error_index_generator
--exclude src/tools/linkchecker
--exclude tests/ui-fulldeps
--exclude rustc
--exclude rustdoc'
env $build_env \
./x.py test \
$exclude_tests \
--stage 1 \
--target x86_64-pc-nto-qnx710
Building Rust programs
Rust does not yet ship pre-compiled artifacts for this target.
To compile for this target, you must either build Rust with the target enabled (see "Building the target" above),
or build your own copy of core by using build-std or similar.
Testing
Compiled executables can run directly on QNX.
Rust std library test suite
The target needs sufficient resources to execute all tests. The commands below assume that a QEMU image is used.
-
Ensure that the temporary directory used by
remote-test-serverhas enough free space and inodes. 5GB of free space and 40000 inodes are known to be sufficient (the test will create more than 32k files). To create a QEMU image in an empty directory, run this command inside the directory:mkqnximage --type=qemu --ssh-ident=$HOME/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub --data-size=5000 --data-inodes=40000/datashould have enough free resources. Set theTMPDIRenvironment variable accordingly when runningremote-test-server, e.g.:TMPDIR=/data/tmp/rust remote-test-server --bind 0.0.0.0:12345 -
Ensure the TCP stack can handle enough parallel connections (default is 200, should be 300 or higher). After creating an image (see above), edit the file
output/build/startup.sh:- Search for
io-pkt-v6-hc - Add the parameter
-ptcpip threads_max=300, e.g.:io-pkt-v6-hc -U 33:33 -d e1000 -ptcpip threads_max=300 - Update the image by running
mkqnximageagain with the same parameters as above for creating it.
- Search for
-
Running and stopping the virtual machine
To start the virtual machine, run inside the directory of the VM:
mkqnximage --run=-hTo stop the virtual machine, run inside the directory of the VM:
mkqnximage --stop -
Ensure local networking
Ensure that 'localhost' is getting resolved to 127.0.0.1. If you can't ping the localhost, some tests may fail. Ensure it's appended to /etc/hosts (if first
pingcommand fails). Commands have to be executed inside the virtual machine!$ ping localhost ping: Cannot resolve "localhost" (Host name lookup failure) $ echo "127.0.0.1 localhost" >> /etc/hosts $ ping localhost PING localhost (127.0.0.1): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=255 time=1 ms
Cross-compilation toolchains and C code
Compiling C code requires the same environment variables to be set as compiling the Rust toolchain (see above),
to ensure qcc is used with proper arguments.
To ensure compatibility, do not specify any further arguments that for example change calling conventions or memory layout.