Trait std::ops::Deref 1.0.0[−][src]
Used for immutable dereferencing operations, like *v.
In addition to being used for explicit dereferencing operations with the
(unary) * operator in immutable contexts, Deref is also used implicitly
by the compiler in many circumstances. This mechanism is called
‘Deref coercion’. In mutable contexts, DerefMut is used.
Implementing Deref for smart pointers makes accessing the data behind them
convenient, which is why they implement Deref. On the other hand, the
rules regarding Deref and DerefMut were designed specifically to
accommodate smart pointers. Because of this, Deref should only be
implemented for smart pointers to avoid confusion.
For similar reasons, this trait should never fail. Failure during
dereferencing can be extremely confusing when Deref is invoked implicitly.
More on Deref coercion
If T implements Deref<Target = U>, and x is a value of type T, then:
- In immutable contexts,
*x(whereTis neither a reference nor a raw pointer) is equivalent to*Deref::deref(&x). - Values of type
&Tare coerced to values of type&U Timplicitly implements all the (immutable) methods of the typeU.
For more details, visit the chapter in The Rust Programming Language as well as the reference sections on the dereference operator, method resolution and type coercions.
Examples
A struct with a single field which is accessible by dereferencing the struct.
use std::ops::Deref; struct DerefExample<T> { value: T } impl<T> Deref for DerefExample<T> { type Target = T; fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target { &self.value } } let x = DerefExample { value: 'a' }; assert_eq!('a', *x);Run
Associated Types
Loading content...Required methods
Loading content...Implementors
impl<'_, B> Deref for Cow<'_, B> where
B: ToOwned + ?Sized, [src]
impl<'_, B> Deref for Cow<'_, B> where
B: ToOwned + ?Sized, [src]type Target = B
pub fn deref(&self) -> &BⓘNotable traits for &'_ mut F
impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
I: Iterator + ?Sized, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut Rimpl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &mut W[src]
Notable traits for &'_ mut F
impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
I: Iterator + ?Sized, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut Rimpl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &mut Wimpl<'_, T> Deref for &'_ T where
T: ?Sized, [src]
impl<'_, T> Deref for &'_ T where
T: ?Sized, [src]type Target = T
pub fn deref(&self) -> &TⓘNotable traits for &'_ mut F
impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
I: Iterator + ?Sized, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut Rimpl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &mut W[src]
Notable traits for &'_ mut F
impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
I: Iterator + ?Sized, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut Rimpl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &mut Wimpl<'_, T> Deref for &'_ mut T where
T: ?Sized, [src]
impl<'_, T> Deref for &'_ mut T where
T: ?Sized, [src]type Target = T
pub fn deref(&self) -> &TⓘNotable traits for &'_ mut F
impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
I: Iterator + ?Sized, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut Rimpl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &mut W[src]
Notable traits for &'_ mut F
impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
I: Iterator + ?Sized, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut Rimpl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &mut Wimpl<'_, T> Deref for Ref<'_, T> where
T: ?Sized, [src]
impl<'_, T> Deref for Ref<'_, T> where
T: ?Sized, [src]type Target = T
pub fn deref(&self) -> &TⓘNotable traits for &'_ mut F
impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
I: Iterator + ?Sized, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut Rimpl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &mut W[src]
Notable traits for &'_ mut F
impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
I: Iterator + ?Sized, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut Rimpl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &mut Wimpl<'_, T> Deref for RefMut<'_, T> where
T: ?Sized, [src]
impl<'_, T> Deref for RefMut<'_, T> where
T: ?Sized, [src]type Target = T
pub fn deref(&self) -> &TⓘNotable traits for &'_ mut F
impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
I: Iterator + ?Sized, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut Rimpl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &mut W[src]
Notable traits for &'_ mut F
impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
I: Iterator + ?Sized, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut Rimpl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &mut Wimpl<'_, T> Deref for PeekMut<'_, T> where
T: Ord, 1.12.0[src]
impl<'_, T> Deref for PeekMut<'_, T> where
T: Ord, 1.12.0[src]type Target = T
pub fn deref(&self) -> &TⓘNotable traits for &'_ mut F
impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
I: Iterator + ?Sized, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut Rimpl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &mut W[src]
Notable traits for &'_ mut F
impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
I: Iterator + ?Sized, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut Rimpl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &mut Wimpl<'a> Deref for IoSliceMut<'a>1.36.0[src]
impl<'a> Deref for IoSliceMut<'a>1.36.0[src]impl<'a, 'f> Deref for VaList<'a, 'f> where
'f: 'a, [src]
impl<'a, 'f> Deref for VaList<'a, 'f> where
'f: 'a, [src]type Target = VaListImpl<'f>
pub fn deref(&self) -> &VaListImpl<'f>[src]
impl<T> Deref for ManuallyDrop<T> where
T: ?Sized, 1.20.0[src]
impl<T> Deref for ManuallyDrop<T> where
T: ?Sized, 1.20.0[src]type Target = T
pub fn deref(&self) -> &TⓘNotable traits for &'_ mut F
impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
I: Iterator + ?Sized, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut Rimpl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &mut W[src]
Notable traits for &'_ mut F
impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
I: Iterator + ?Sized, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut Rimpl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &mut Wimpl<T> Deref for AssertUnwindSafe<T>1.9.0[src]
impl<T> Deref for AssertUnwindSafe<T>1.9.0[src]type Target = T
fn deref(&self) -> &TⓘNotable traits for &'_ mut F
impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
I: Iterator + ?Sized, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut Rimpl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &mut W[src]
Notable traits for &'_ mut F
impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
I: Iterator + ?Sized, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut Rimpl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &mut Wimpl<T> Deref for Rc<T> where
T: ?Sized, [src]
impl<T> Deref for Rc<T> where
T: ?Sized, [src]type Target = T
pub fn deref(&self) -> &TⓘNotable traits for &'_ mut F
impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
I: Iterator + ?Sized, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut Rimpl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &mut W[src]
Notable traits for &'_ mut F
impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
I: Iterator + ?Sized, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut Rimpl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &mut Wimpl<T> Deref for Arc<T> where
T: ?Sized, [src]
impl<T> Deref for Arc<T> where
T: ?Sized, [src]type Target = T
pub fn deref(&self) -> &TⓘNotable traits for &'_ mut F
impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
I: Iterator + ?Sized, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut Rimpl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &mut W[src]
Notable traits for &'_ mut F
impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
I: Iterator + ?Sized, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut Rimpl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &mut Wimpl<T, A> Deref for Box<T, A> where
T: ?Sized,
A: Allocator, [src]
impl<T, A> Deref for Box<T, A> where
T: ?Sized,
A: Allocator, [src]type Target = T
pub fn deref(&self) -> &TⓘNotable traits for &'_ mut F
impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
I: Iterator + ?Sized, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut Rimpl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &mut W[src]
Notable traits for &'_ mut F
impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
I: Iterator + ?Sized, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut Rimpl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &mut Wimpl<T, F> Deref for Lazy<T, F> where
F: FnOnce() -> T, [src]
impl<T, F> Deref for Lazy<T, F> where
F: FnOnce() -> T, [src]type Target = T
pub fn deref(&self) -> &TⓘNotable traits for &'_ mut F
impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
I: Iterator + ?Sized, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut Rimpl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &mut W[src]
Notable traits for &'_ mut F
impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
I: Iterator + ?Sized, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut Rimpl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &mut Wimpl<T, F: FnOnce() -> T> Deref for SyncLazy<T, F>[src]
impl<T, F: FnOnce() -> T> Deref for SyncLazy<T, F>[src]type Target = T
fn deref(&self) -> &TⓘNotable traits for &'_ mut F
impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
I: Iterator + ?Sized, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut Rimpl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &mut W[src]
Notable traits for &'_ mut F
impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
I: Iterator + ?Sized, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut Rimpl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &mut Wimpl<T: ?Sized> Deref for MutexGuard<'_, T>[src]
impl<T: ?Sized> Deref for MutexGuard<'_, T>[src]type Target = T
fn deref(&self) -> &TⓘNotable traits for &'_ mut F
impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
I: Iterator + ?Sized, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut Rimpl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &mut W[src]
Notable traits for &'_ mut F
impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
I: Iterator + ?Sized, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut Rimpl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &mut Wimpl<T: ?Sized> Deref for RwLockReadGuard<'_, T>[src]
impl<T: ?Sized> Deref for RwLockReadGuard<'_, T>[src]type Target = T
fn deref(&self) -> &TⓘNotable traits for &'_ mut F
impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
I: Iterator + ?Sized, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut Rimpl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &mut W[src]
Notable traits for &'_ mut F
impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
I: Iterator + ?Sized, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut Rimpl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &mut Wimpl<T: ?Sized> Deref for RwLockWriteGuard<'_, T>[src]
impl<T: ?Sized> Deref for RwLockWriteGuard<'_, T>[src]type Target = T
fn deref(&self) -> &TⓘNotable traits for &'_ mut F
impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
I: Iterator + ?Sized, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut Rimpl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &mut W[src]
Notable traits for &'_ mut F
impl<'_, F> Future for &'_ mut F where
F: Future + Unpin + ?Sized, type Output = <F as Future>::Output;impl<'_, I> Iterator for &'_ mut I where
I: Iterator + ?Sized, type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item;impl<R: Read + ?Sized> Read for &mut Rimpl<W: Write + ?Sized> Write for &mut W