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## com.saxonica.update
Class CopyModifyExpression

    java.lang.Object
      net.sf.saxon.expr.Expression
          com.saxonica.update.CopyModifyExpression

All Implemented Interfaces:
  Serializable, SourceLocator, LocationProvider, SaxonLocator, InstructionInfo, Locator

    public class CopyModifyExpression

extends Expression

A copy-modify expression (called a "transform" expression in the XQuery Update specification)

See Also:
  Serialized Form

Field Summary

Fields inherited from class net.sf.saxon.expr.Expression
`EFFECTIVE_BOOLEAN_VALUE, EVALUATE_METHOD, EVENT_FEED_METHOD, ITEM_FEED_METHOD, ITERATE_METHOD, locationId, MAX_SEQUENCE_LENGTH, MAX_STRING_LENGTH, PROCESS_METHOD, PUSH_SELECTION, staticProperties, UNBOUNDED_LOWER, UNBOUNDED_UPPER, WATCH_METHOD`

Constructor Summary
`CopyModifyExpression(Expression updateExp, Expression returnExp, int validationMode)` Create a copy-modify expression (also known as a transform expresion)

Method Summary
`void` | `checkForUpdatingSubexpressions()` Check to ensure that this expression does not contain any inappropriate updating subexpressions.
`int` | `computeCardinality()` Determine the static cardinality of the expression.
`Expression` | `copy()` Copy an expression.
`Item` | `evaluateItem(XPathContext context)` Evaluate an expression as a single item.
`void` | `explain(ExpressionPresenter out)` Diagnostic print of expression structure.
`ItemType` | `getItemType(TypeHierarchy th)` Determine the data type of the expression, if possible.
`boolean` | `isUpdatingExpression()` Determine whether this is an updating expression as defined in the XQuery update specification
`SequenceIterator` | `iterate(XPathContext context)` Return an Iterator to iterate over the values of a sequence.
`EventIterator` | `iterateEvents(XPathContext context)` Deliver the result of the expression as a sequence of events.
`Iterator<Expression>` | `iterateSubExpressions()` Get the immediate sub-expressions of this expression.
`Expression` | `optimize(ExpressionVisitor visitor, ExpressionVisitor.ContextItemType contextItemType)` Perform optimisation of an expression and its subexpressions.
`void` | `process(XPathContext context)` Process the instruction, without returning any tail calls
`Expression` | `promote(PromotionOffer offer, Expression parent)` Offer promotion for this subexpression.
`boolean` | `replaceSubExpression(Expression original, Expression replacement)` Replace one subexpression by a replacement subexpression
`void` | `setCopyBindings(Expression copyBindings)` Set the copy bindings.
`Expression` | `simplify(ExpressionVisitor visitor)` Simplify an expression.
`Expression` | `typeCheck(ExpressionVisitor visitor, ExpressionVisitor.ContextItemType contextItemType)` Perform type checking of an expression and its subexpressions.

Methods inherited from class net.sf.saxon.expr.Expression
`addToPathMap, adoptChildExpression, checkPermittedContents, computeDependencies, computeSpecialProperties, computeStaticProperties, doPromotion, dynamicError, effectiveBooleanValue, evaluateAsString, evaluatePendingUpdates, explain, getCardinality, getColumnNumber, getColumnNumber, getConstructType, getContainer, getDependencies, getEvaluationMethod, getExecutable, getExpressionName, getHostLanguage, getImplementationMethod, getIntegerBounds, getIntrinsicDependencies, getLineNumber, getLineNumber, getLocationId, getLocationProvider, getObjectName, getProperties, getProperty, getPublicId, getSlotsUsed, getSpecialProperties, getSystemId, getSystemId, hasLoopingSubexpression, hasVariableBinding, implementsStaticTypeCheck, isSubtreeExpression, isVacuousExpression, iterateSameFocusSubExpressions, markTailFunctionCalls, resetLocalStaticProperties, setContainer, setEvaluationMethod, setFiltered, setFlattened, setLocationId, staticTypeCheck, suppressValidation, toString, typeError`

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
`clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait`

Constructor Detail

### CopyModifyExpression

    public CopyModifyExpression(Expression updateExp,
                                Expression returnExp,
                                int validationMode)

  Create a copy-modify expression (also known as a transform expresion)

  Parameters:
    `updateExp` - the expression appearing in the modify clause
    `returnExp` - the expression appearing in the return clause
    `validationMode` - the mode for validating the updated nodes (strict, lax, or skip)

Method Detail

### setCopyBindings

    public void setCopyBindings(Expression copyBindings)

  Set the copy bindings. This is an expression whose value is the set of nodes that are allowed to be updated. Normally it will consist of a variable reference or a sequence of variable references.

  Parameters:
    `copyBindings` - the set of Let expressions that bind variables that were copied during the copy phase and that therefore may be updated during the modify phase

### computeCardinality

    public int computeCardinality()

  Determine the static cardinality of the expression. This establishes how many items there will be in the result of the expression, at compile time (i.e., without actually evaluating the result.

  Specified by:
    `computeCardinality` in class `Expression`
  Returns:
    one of the values Cardinality.ONE_OR_MORE, Cardinality.ZERO_OR_MORE, Cardinality.EXACTLY_ONE, Cardinality.ZERO_OR_ONE, Cardinality.EMPTY. This default implementation returns ZERO_OR_MORE (which effectively gives no information).

### getItemType

    public ItemType getItemType(TypeHierarchy th)

  Determine the data type of the expression, if possible. All expression return sequences, in general; this method determines the type of the items within the sequence, assuming that (a) this is known in advance, and (b) it is the same for all items in the sequence.

  This method should always return a result, though it may be the best approximation that is available at the time.

  Specified by:
    `getItemType` in class `Expression`
  Parameters:
    `th` - the type hierarchy cache
  Returns:
    a value such as Type.STRING, Type.BOOLEAN, Type.NUMBER, Type.NODE, or Type.ITEM (meaning not known at compile time)

### isUpdatingExpression

    public boolean isUpdatingExpression()

  Determine whether this is an updating expression as defined in the XQuery update specification

  Overrides:
    `isUpdatingExpression` in class `Expression`
  Returns:
    false: although this expression performs updates, it is not classified as an updating expression

### iterateSubExpressions

    public Iterator<Expression> iterateSubExpressions()

  Get the immediate sub-expressions of this expression. Default implementation returns a zero-length array, appropriate for an expression that has no sub-expressions.

  Overrides:
    `iterateSubExpressions` in class `Expression`
  Returns:
    an iterator containing the sub-expressions of this expression

### checkForUpdatingSubexpressions

    public void checkForUpdatingSubexpressions()
                                        throws XPathException

  Check to ensure that this expression does not contain any inappropriate updating subexpressions. This check is overridden for those expressions that permit updating subexpressions.

  Overrides:
    `checkForUpdatingSubexpressions` in class `Expression`
  Throws:
    `XPathException` - if the expression has a non-permitted updating subexpression

### replaceSubExpression

    public boolean replaceSubExpression(Expression original,
                                        Expression replacement)

  Replace one subexpression by a replacement subexpression

  Overrides:
    `replaceSubExpression` in class `Expression`
  Parameters:
    `original` - the original subexpression
    `replacement` - the replacement subexpression
  Returns:
    true if the original subexpression is found

### simplify

    public Expression simplify(ExpressionVisitor visitor)
                        throws XPathException

  Simplify an expression. This performs any static optimization (by rewriting the expression as a different expression). The default implementation does nothing.

  Overrides:
    `simplify` in class `Expression`
  Parameters:
    `visitor` - an expression visitor
  Returns:
    the simplified expression
  Throws:
    `XPathException` - if an error is discovered during expression rewriting

### typeCheck

    public Expression typeCheck(ExpressionVisitor visitor,
                                ExpressionVisitor.ContextItemType contextItemType)
                         throws XPathException

  Perform type checking of an expression and its subexpressions. This is the second phase of static optimization.

  This checks statically that the operands of the expression have the correct type; if necessary it generates code to do run-time type checking or type conversion. A static type error is reported only if execution cannot possibly succeed, that is, if a run-time type error is inevitable. The call may return a modified form of the expression.

  This method is called after all references to functions and variables have been resolved to the declaration of the function or variable. However, the types of such functions and variables may not be accurately known if they have not been explicitly declared.

  If the implementation returns a value other than "this", then it is required to ensure that the parent pointer and location information in the returned expression have been set up correctly. It should not rely on the caller to do this, although for historical reasons many callers do so.

  Overrides:
    `typeCheck` in class `Expression`
  Parameters:
    `visitor` - an expression visitor
    `contextItemType` - the static type of "." at the point where this expression is invoked. The parameter is set to null if it is known statically that the context item will be undefined. If the type of the context item is not known statically, the argument is set to `Type.ITEM_TYPE`
  Returns:
    the original expression, rewritten to perform necessary run-time type checks, and to perform other type-related optimizations
  Throws:
    `XPathException` - if an error is discovered during this phase (typically a type error)

### optimize

    public Expression optimize(ExpressionVisitor visitor,
                               ExpressionVisitor.ContextItemType contextItemType)
                        throws XPathException

  Perform optimisation of an expression and its subexpressions. This is the third and final phase of static optimization.

  This method is called after all references to functions and variables have been resolved to the declaration of the function or variable, and after all type checking has been done.

  Overrides:
    `optimize` in class `Expression`
  Parameters:
    `visitor` - an expression visitor
    `contextItemType` - the static type of "." at the point where this expression is invoked. The parameter is set to null if it is known statically that the context item will be undefined. If the type of the context item is not known statically, the argument is set to `Type.ITEM_TYPE`
  Returns:
    the original expression, rewritten if appropriate to optimize execution
  Throws:
    `XPathException` - if an error is discovered during this phase (typically a type error)

### promote

    public Expression promote(PromotionOffer offer,
                              Expression parent)
                       throws XPathException

  Offer promotion for this subexpression. The offer will be accepted if the subexpression is not dependent on the factors (e.g. the context item) identified in the PromotionOffer. By default the offer is not accepted - this is appropriate in the case of simple expressions such as constant values and variable references where promotion would give no performance advantage. This method is always called at compile time.

  Overrides:
    `promote` in class `Expression`
  Parameters:
    `offer` - details of the offer, for example the offer to move expressions that don't depend on the context to an outer level in the containing expression
    `parent` -
  Returns:
    if the offer is not accepted, return this expression unchanged. Otherwise return the result of rewriting the expression to promote this subexpression
  Throws:
    `XPathException` - if any error is detected

### copy

    public Expression copy()

  Copy an expression. This makes a deep copy.

  Specified by:
    `copy` in class `Expression`
  Returns:
    the copy of the original expression

### explain

    public void explain(ExpressionPresenter out)

  Diagnostic print of expression structure. The abstract expression tree is written to the supplied output destination.

  Specified by:
    `explain` in class `Expression`
  Parameters:
    `out` - the expression presenter used to display the structure

### iterate

    public SequenceIterator iterate(XPathContext context)
                             throws XPathException

  Return an Iterator to iterate over the values of a sequence. The value of every expression can be regarded as a sequence, so this method is supported for all expressions. This default implementation handles iteration for expressions that return singleton values: for non-singleton expressions, the subclass must provide its own implementation.

  Overrides:
    `iterate` in class `Expression`
  Parameters:
    `context` - supplies the context for evaluation
  Returns:
    a SequenceIterator that can be used to iterate over the result of the expression
  Throws:
    `XPathException` - if any dynamic error occurs evaluating the expression

### evaluateItem

    public Item evaluateItem(XPathContext context)
                      throws XPathException

  Evaluate an expression as a single item. This always returns either a single Item or null (denoting the empty sequence). No conversion is done. This method should not be used unless the static type of the expression is a subtype of "item" or "item?": that is, it should not be called if the expression may return a sequence. There is no guarantee that this condition will be detected.

  Overrides:
    `evaluateItem` in class `Expression`
  Parameters:
    `context` - The context in which the expression is to be evaluated
  Returns:
    the node or atomic value that results from evaluating the expression; or null to indicate that the result is an empty sequence
  Throws:
    `XPathException` - if any dynamic error occurs evaluating the expression

### iterateEvents

    public EventIterator iterateEvents(XPathContext context)
                                throws XPathException

  Deliver the result of the expression as a sequence of events.

  The events (of class `PullEvent`) are either complete items, or one of startElement, endElement, startDocument, or endDocument, known as semi-nodes. The stream of events may also include a nested EventIterator. If a start-end pair exists in the sequence, then the events between this pair represent the content of the document or element. The content sequence will have been processed to the extent that any attribute and namespace nodes in the content sequence will have been merged into the startElement event. Namespace fixup will have been performed: that is, unique prefixes will have been allocated to element and attribute nodes, and all namespaces will be declared by means of a namespace node in the startElement event or in an outer startElement forming part of the sequence. However, duplicate namespaces may appear in the sequence.

  The content of an element or document may include adjacent or zero-length text nodes, atomic values, and nodes represented as nodes rather than broken down into events.

  Overrides:
    `iterateEvents` in class `Expression`
  Parameters:
    `context` - The dynamic evaluation context
  Returns:
    the result of the expression as an iterator over a sequence of PullEvent objects
  Throws:
    `XPathException` - if a dynamic error occurs during expression evaluation

### process

    public void process(XPathContext context)
                 throws XPathException

  Process the instruction, without returning any tail calls

  Overrides:
    `process` in class `Expression`
  Parameters:
    `context` - The dynamic context, giving access to the current node, the current variables, etc.
  Throws:
    `XPathException` - if a dynamic error occurs

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Copyright (c) 2004-2011 Saxonica Limited. All rights reserved.