SUSE Linux Enterprise Server

Administration Guide

12/15/2010

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Contents

About This Guide
1. Available Documentation
2. Feedback
3. Documentation Conventions
I. Support and Common Tasks
1. YaST Online Update
1.1. Installing Patches Manually Using the Qt Interface
1.2. Installing Patches Manually Using the GTK Interface
1.3. Automatic Online Update
2. Gathering System Information for Support
2.1. Novell Support Link Overview
2.2. Using Supportconfig
2.3. Submitting Information to Novell
2.4. For More Information
3. YaST in Text Mode
3.1. Navigation in Modules
3.2. Restriction of Key Combinations
3.3. YaST Command Line Options
4. Managing Software with Command Line Tools
4.1. Using Zypper
4.2. RPM—the Package Manager
5. Bash and Bash Scripts
5.1. What is The Shell?
5.2. Writing Shell Scripts
5.3. Redirecting Command Events
5.4. Using Aliases
5.5. Using Variables in Bash
5.6. Grouping And Combining Commands
5.7. Working with Common Flow Constructs
5.8. For More Information
II. System
6. 32-Bit and 64-Bit Applications in a 64-Bit System Environment
6.1. Runtime Support
6.2. Software Development
6.3. Software Compilation on Biarch Platforms
6.4. Kernel Specifications
7. Booting and Configuring a Linux System
7.1. The Linux Boot Process
7.2. The init Process
7.3. System Configuration via /etc/sysconfig
8. The Boot Loader GRUB
8.1. Booting with GRUB
8.2. Configuring the Boot Loader with YaST
8.3. Uninstalling the Linux Boot Loader
8.4. Creating Boot CDs
8.5. The Graphical SUSE Screen
8.6. Troubleshooting
8.7. For More Information
9. Special System Features
9.1. Information about Special Software Packages
9.2. Virtual Consoles
9.3. Keyboard Mapping
9.4. Language and Country-Specific Settings
10. Printer Operation
10.1. The Workflow of the Printing System
10.2. Methods and Protocols for Connecting Printers
10.3. Installing the Software
10.4. Network Printers
10.5. Printing from the Command Line
10.6. Special Features in SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
10.7. Troubleshooting
11. Dynamic Kernel Device Management with udev
11.1. The /dev Directory
11.2. Kernel uevents and udev
11.3. Drivers, Kernel Modules and Devices
11.4. Booting and Initial Device Setup
11.5. Monitoring the Running udev Daemon
11.6. Influencing Kernel Device Event Handling with udev Rules
11.7. Persistent Device Naming
11.8. Files used by udev
11.9. For More Information
12. The X Window System
12.1. Manually Configuring the X Window System
12.2. Installing and Configuring Fonts
12.3. For More Information
13. Accessing File Systems with FUSE
13.1. Configuring FUSE
13.2. Available FUSE Plug-ins
13.3. For More Information
III. Mobile Computers
14. Mobile Computing with Linux
14.1. Laptops
14.2. Mobile Hardware
14.3. Cellular Phones and PDAs
14.4. For More Information
15. Wireless LAN
15.1. WLAN Standards
15.2. Operating Modes
15.3. Authentication
15.4. Encryption
15.5. Configuration with YaST
15.6. Utilities
15.7. Tips and Tricks for Setting Up a WLAN
15.8. Troubleshooting
15.9. For More Information
16. Power Management
16.1. Power Saving Functions
16.2. ACPI
16.3. Rest for the Hard Disk
16.4. Managing Radio Frequency Transmitters with rfkill
16.5. Troubleshooting
16.6. For More Information
17. Using Tablet PCs
17.1. Installing Tablet PC Packages
17.2. Configuring Your Tablet Device
17.3. Using the Virtual Keyboard
17.4. Rotating Your Display
17.5. Using Gesture Recognition
17.6. Taking Notes and Sketching with the Pen
17.7. Troubleshooting
17.8. For More Information
IV. Services
18. Basic Networking
18.1. IP Addresses and Routing
18.2. IPv6—The Next Generation Internet
18.3. Name Resolution
18.4. Configuring a Network Connection with YaST
18.5. NetworkManager
18.6. Configuring a Network Connection Manually
18.7. smpppd as Dial-up Assistant
19. SLP Services in the Network
19.1. Installation
19.2. Activating SLP
19.3. SLP Front-Ends in SUSE Linux Enterprise Server
19.4. Installation over SLP
19.5. Providing Services via SLP
19.6. For More Information
20. Time Synchronization with NTP
20.1. Configuring an NTP Client with YaST
20.2. Manually Configuring ntp in the Network
20.3. Dynamic Time Synchronization at Runtime
20.4. Setting Up a Local Reference Clock
20.5. Clock Synchronization to an External Time Reference (ETR)
21. The Domain Name System
21.1. DNS Terminology
21.2. Installation
21.3. Configuration with YaST
21.4. Starting the Name Server BIND
21.5. The Configuration File /etc/named.conf
21.6. Zone Files
21.7. Dynamic Update of Zone Data
21.8. Secure Transactions
21.9. DNS Security
21.10. For More Information
22. DHCP
22.1. Configuring a DHCP Server with YaST
22.2. DHCP Software Packages
22.3. The DHCP Server dhcpd
22.4. For More Information
23. Using NetworkManager
23.1. Use Cases for NetworkManager
23.2. Enabling NetworkManager
23.3. Configuring Network Connections
23.4. Using KNetworkManager
23.5. Using GNOME NetworkManager Applet
23.6. NetworkManager and VPN
23.7. NetworkManager and Security
23.8. Frequently Asked Questions
23.9. Troubleshooting
23.10. For More Information
24. Samba
24.1. Terminology
24.2. Starting and Stopping Samba
24.3. Configuring a Samba Server
24.4. Configuring Clients
24.5. Samba as Login Server
24.6. Samba Server in the Network with Active Directory
24.7. For More Information
25. Sharing File Systems with NFS
25.1. Installing the Required Software
25.2. Importing File Systems with YaST
25.3. Importing File Systems Manually
25.4. Exporting File Systems with YaST
25.5. Exporting File Systems Manually
25.6. NFS with Kerberos
25.7. For More Information
26. File Synchronization
26.1. Available Data Synchronization Software
26.2. Determining Factors for Selecting a Program
26.3. Introduction to CVS
26.4. Introduction to rsync
26.5. For More Information
27. The Apache HTTP Server
27.1. Quick Start
27.2. Configuring Apache
27.3. Starting and Stopping Apache
27.4. Installing, Activating, and Configuring Modules
27.5. Getting CGI Scripts to Work
27.6. Setting Up a Secure Web Server with SSL
27.7. Avoiding Security Problems
27.8. Troubleshooting
27.9. For More Information
28. Setting up an FTP server with YaST
28.1. Starting the FTP server
28.2. FTP General Settings
28.3. FTP Performance Settings
28.4. Authentication
28.5. Expert Settings
28.6. For more information
29. The Squid Proxy Server
29.1. Some Facts about Proxy Caches
29.2. System Requirements
29.3. Starting Squid
29.4. The /etc/squid/squid.conf Configuration File
29.5. Configuring a Transparent Proxy
29.6. cachemgr.cgi
29.7. Cache Report Generation with Calamaris
29.8. For More Information
30. Web Based Enterprise Management using SFCB
30.1. Introduction and Basic Concept
30.2. Setting Up SFCB
30.3. SFCB CIMOM Configuration
30.4. Advanced SFCB Tasks
30.5. For More Details
V. Troubleshooting
31. Help and Documentation
31.1. Documentation Directory
31.2. Man Pages
31.3. Info Pages
32. Common Problems and Their Solutions
32.1. Finding and Gathering Information
32.2. Installation Problems
32.3. Boot Problems
32.4. Login Problems
32.5. Network Problems
32.6. Data Problems
32.7. IBM System z: Using initrd as a Rescue System

List of Figures

1.1. YaST Online Update
1.2. YaST Online Update
3.1. Main Window of YaST in Text Mode
3.2. The Software Installation Module
7.1. System Services (Runlevel)
7.2. System Configuration Using the sysconfig Editor
8.1. Boot Loader Settings
14.1. Integrating a Mobile Computer in an Existing Environment
15.1. YaST: Configuring the Wireless Network Card
17.1. xvkbd Virtual Keyboard
17.2. Gesture Recognition with CellWriter
17.3. Annotating a PDF with Xournal
17.4. Editing Texts with Dasher
18.1. Simplified Layer Model for TCP/IP
18.2. TCP/IP Ethernet Packet
18.3. Configuring Network Settings
18.4. Modem Configuration
18.5. ISDN Configuration
18.6. ISDN Interface Configuration
18.7. DSL Configuration
20.1. Advanced NTP Configuration: Security Settings
21.1. DNS Server Installation: Forwarder Settings
21.2. DNS Server Installation: DNS Zones
21.3. DNS Server Installation: Finish Wizard
21.4. DNS Server: Logging
21.5. DNS Server: Zone Editor (Basic)
21.6. DNS Server: Zone Editor (NS Records)
21.7. DNS Server: Zone Editor (MX Records)
21.8. DNS Server: Zone Editor (SOA)
22.1. DHCP Server: Card Selection
22.2. DHCP Server: Global Settings
22.3. DHCP Server: Dynamic DHCP
22.4. DHCP Server: Start-Up
22.5. DHCP Server: Host Management
22.6. DHCP Server: Chroot Jail and Declarations
22.7. DHCP Server: Selecting a Declaration Type
22.8. DHCP Server: Configuring Subnets
22.9. DHCP Server: TSIG Configuration
22.10. DHCP Server: Interface Configuration for Dynamic DNS
22.11. DHCP Server: Network Interface and Firewall
23.1. GNOME Network Configuration Dialog
23.2. KDE Network Configuration Dialog
23.3. KNetworkManager—Configured and Available Connections
24.1. Determining Windows Domain Membership
25.1. NFS Client Configuration with YaST
25.2. NFS Server Configuration Tool
25.3. Configuring an NFS Server with YaST
25.4. Exporting Directories with NFSv4
25.5. Exporting Directories with NFSv2 and v3
27.1. HTTP Server Wizard: Default Host
27.2. HTTP Server Wizard: Summary
27.3. HTTP Server Configuration: Listen Ports and Addresses
27.4. HTTP Server Configuration: Server Modules
28.1. FTP Server Configuration — Start-Up
30.1. Package Selection for Web-Based Enterprise Management Pattern
30.2. Package selection of additional CIM providers
32.1. Checking Media
32.2. Displaying Hardware Information
32.3. US Keyboard Layout
32.4. Automatic Repair Mode

List of Tables

4.1. The Most Important RPM Query Options
4.2. RPM Verify Options
5.1. Bash Configuration Files for Login Shells
5.2. Bash Configuration Files for Non-Login Shells
5.3. Special Files for Bash
5.4. Overview of a Standard Directory Tree
5.5. Useful Environment Variables
7.1. Available Runlevels
7.2. Possible init Script Options
8.1. Screen Resolution and Color Depth Reference
9.1. ulimit: Setting Resources for the User
12.1. Sections in /etc/X11/xorg.conf
12.2. Parameters of fc-list
13.1. Available FUSE Plug-ins
14.1. Use Cases for NetworkManager
15.1. Overview of Various WLAN Standards
18.1. Several Protocols in the TCP/IP Protocol Family
18.2. Specific Addresses
18.3. Private IP Address Domains
18.4. Various IPv6 Prefixes
18.5. Manual Network Configuration Scripts
18.6. Parameters for /etc/host.conf
18.7. Databases Available via /etc/nsswitch.conf
18.8. Configuration Options for NSS Databases
18.9. Some Start-Up Scripts for Network Programs
26.1. Features of the File Synchronization Tools: -- = very poor, - = poor or not available, o = medium, + = good, ++ = excellent, x = available
30.1. Commands for Managing sfcbd
31.1. Man Pages—Categories and Descriptions
32.1. Log Files
32.2. System Information With the /proc File System
32.3. System Information With the /sys File System

List of Examples

4.1. rpm -q -i wget
4.2. Script to Search for Packages
5.1. A Shell Script Printing a Text
7.1. A Minimal INIT INFO Block
9.1. Entry in /etc/crontab
9.2. /etc/crontab: Remove Time Stamp Files
9.3. Example for /etc/logrotate.conf
9.4. ulimit: Settings in ~/.bashrc
10.1. /etc/modprobe.conf: Interrupt Mode for the First Parallel Port
10.2. Error Message from lpd
10.3. Broadcast from the CUPS Network Server
11.1. Example udev Rules
12.1. Screen Section of the File /etc/X11/xorg.conf
18.1. Writing IP Addresses
18.2. Linking IP Addresses to the Netmask
18.3. Sample IPv6 Address
18.4. IPv6 Address Specifying the Prefix Length
18.5. /etc/resolv.conf
18.6. /etc/hosts
18.7. /etc/networks
18.8. /etc/host.conf
18.9. /etc/nsswitch.conf
18.10. Output of the Command ping
18.11. Output of the ifconfig Command
18.12. Output of the route -n Command
21.1. Forwarding Options in named.conf
21.2. A Basic /etc/named.conf
21.3. Entry to Disable Logging
21.4. Zone Entry for example.com
21.5. Zone Entry for example.net
21.6. File /var/lib/named/example.com.zone
21.7. Reverse Lookup
22.1. The Configuration File /etc/dhcpd.conf
22.2. Additions to the Configuration File
24.1. A CD-ROM Share (deactivated)
24.2. [homes] Share
24.3. Global Section in smb.conf
27.1. Variations of Name-Based VirtualHost Entries
27.2. Name-Based VirtualHost Directives
27.3. IP-Based VirtualHost Directives
27.4. Basic VirtualHost Configuration
27.5. VirtualHost CGI Configuration
29.1. Firewall Configuration: Option 15
29.2. Access Rules
29.3. Access Rules
32.1. Output of the Mount Command
32.2. chroot to the Mounted File System
32.3. Installing the IPL Record with zipl
32.4. Unmounting the File System