/*
 * Copyright (c) 1999, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
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 */

package javax.crypto;

import java.security.AlgorithmParameters;
import java.security.Provider;
import java.security.Key;
import java.security.Security;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.NoSuchProviderException;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException;
import java.security.spec.AlgorithmParameterSpec;

import sun.security.jca.GetInstance.Instance;

/**
 * This class provides the functionality of an exemption mechanism, examples
 * of which are <i>key recovery</i>, <i>key weakening</i>, and
 * <i>key escrow</i>.
 *
 * <p>Applications or applets that use an exemption mechanism may be granted
 * stronger encryption capabilities than those which don't.
 *
 * @since 1.4
 */

public class ExemptionMechanism {

    // The provider
    private Provider provider;

    // The provider implementation (delegate)
    private ExemptionMechanismSpi exmechSpi;

    // The name of the exemption mechanism.
    private String mechanism;

    // Flag which indicates whether this ExemptionMechanism
    // result is generated successfully.
    private boolean done = false;

    // State information
    private boolean initialized = false;

    // Store away the key at init() time for later comparison.
    private Key keyStored = null;

    /**
     * Creates a ExemptionMechanism object.
     *
     * @param exmechSpi the delegate
     * @param provider the provider
     * @param mechanism the exemption mechanism
     */
    protected ExemptionMechanism(ExemptionMechanismSpi exmechSpi,
                                 Provider provider,
                                 String mechanism) {
        this.exmechSpi = exmechSpi;
        this.provider = provider;
        this.mechanism = mechanism;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the exemption mechanism name of this
     * <code>ExemptionMechanism</code> object.
     *
     * <p>This is the same name that was specified in one of the
     * <code>getInstance</code> calls that created this
     * <code>ExemptionMechanism</code> object.
     *
     * @return the exemption mechanism name of this
     * <code>ExemptionMechanism</code> object.
     */
    public final String getName() {
        return this.mechanism;
    }

    /**
     * Returns an <code>ExemptionMechanism</code> object that implements the
     * specified exemption mechanism algorithm.
     *
     * <p> This method traverses the list of registered security Providers,
     * starting with the most preferred Provider.
     * A new ExemptionMechanism object encapsulating the
     * ExemptionMechanismSpi implementation from the first
     * Provider that supports the specified algorithm is returned.
     *
     * <p> Note that the list of registered providers may be retrieved via
     * the {@link Security#getProviders() Security.getProviders()} method.
     *
     * @param algorithm the standard name of the requested exemption
     * mechanism.
     * See the ExemptionMechanism section in the
     * <a href=
     *   "{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/security/StandardNames.html#Exemption">
     * Java Cryptography Architecture Standard Algorithm Name Documentation</a>
     * for information about standard exemption mechanism names.
     *
     * @return the new <code>ExemptionMechanism</code> object.
     *
     * @exception NullPointerException if <code>algorithm</code>
     *          is null.
     *
     * @exception NoSuchAlgorithmException if no Provider supports an
     *          ExemptionMechanismSpi implementation for the
     *          specified algorithm.
     *
     * @see java.security.Provider
     */
    public static final ExemptionMechanism getInstance(String algorithm)
            throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
        Instance instance = JceSecurity.getInstance("ExemptionMechanism",
                ExemptionMechanismSpi.class, algorithm);
        return new ExemptionMechanism((ExemptionMechanismSpi)instance.impl,
                instance.provider, algorithm);
    }


    /**
     * Returns an <code>ExemptionMechanism</code> object that implements the
     * specified exemption mechanism algorithm.
     *
     * <p> A new ExemptionMechanism object encapsulating the
     * ExemptionMechanismSpi implementation from the specified provider
     * is returned.  The specified provider must be registered
     * in the security provider list.
     *
     * <p> Note that the list of registered providers may be retrieved via
     * the {@link Security#getProviders() Security.getProviders()} method.

     * @param algorithm the standard name of the requested exemption mechanism.
     * See the ExemptionMechanism section in the
     * <a href=
     *   "{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/security/StandardNames.html#Exemption">
     * Java Cryptography Architecture Standard Algorithm Name Documentation</a>
     * for information about standard exemption mechanism names.
     *
     * @param provider the name of the provider.
     *
     * @return the new <code>ExemptionMechanism</code> object.
     *
     * @exception NullPointerException if <code>algorithm</code>
     *          is null.
     *
     * @exception NoSuchAlgorithmException if an ExemptionMechanismSpi
     *          implementation for the specified algorithm is not
     *          available from the specified provider.
     *
     * @exception NoSuchProviderException if the specified provider is not
     *          registered in the security provider list.
     *
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException if the <code>provider</code>
     *          is null or empty.
     *
     * @see java.security.Provider
     */
    public static final ExemptionMechanism getInstance(String algorithm,
            String provider) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException,
            NoSuchProviderException {
        Instance instance = JceSecurity.getInstance("ExemptionMechanism",
                ExemptionMechanismSpi.class, algorithm, provider);
        return new ExemptionMechanism((ExemptionMechanismSpi)instance.impl,
                instance.provider, algorithm);
    }

    /**
     * Returns an <code>ExemptionMechanism</code> object that implements the
     * specified exemption mechanism algorithm.
     *
     * <p> A new ExemptionMechanism object encapsulating the
     * ExemptionMechanismSpi implementation from the specified Provider
     * object is returned.  Note that the specified Provider object
     * does not have to be registered in the provider list.
     *
     * @param algorithm the standard name of the requested exemption mechanism.
     * See the ExemptionMechanism section in the
     * <a href=
     *   "{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/security/StandardNames.html#Exemption">
     * Java Cryptography Architecture Standard Algorithm Name Documentation</a>
     * for information about standard exemption mechanism names.
     *
     * @param provider the provider.
     *
     * @return the new <code>ExemptionMechanism</code> object.
     *
     * @exception NullPointerException if <code>algorithm</code>
     *          is null.
     *
     * @exception NoSuchAlgorithmException if an ExemptionMechanismSpi
     *          implementation for the specified algorithm is not available
     *          from the specified Provider object.
     *
     * @exception IllegalArgumentException if the <code>provider</code>
     *          is null.
     *
     * @see java.security.Provider
     */
    public static final ExemptionMechanism getInstance(String algorithm,
            Provider provider) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
        Instance instance = JceSecurity.getInstance("ExemptionMechanism",
                ExemptionMechanismSpi.class, algorithm, provider);
        return new ExemptionMechanism((ExemptionMechanismSpi)instance.impl,
                instance.provider, algorithm);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the provider of this <code>ExemptionMechanism</code> object.
     *
     * @return the provider of this <code>ExemptionMechanism</code> object.
     */
    public final Provider getProvider() {
        return this.provider;
    }

    /**
     * Returns whether the result blob has been generated successfully by this
     * exemption mechanism.
     *
     * <p>The method also makes sure that the key passed in is the same as
     * the one this exemption mechanism used in initializing and generating
     * phases.
     *
     * @param key the key the crypto is going to use.
     *
     * @return whether the result blob of the same key has been generated
     * successfully by this exemption mechanism; false if <code>key</code>
     * is null.
     *
     * @exception ExemptionMechanismException if problem(s) encountered
     * while determining whether the result blob has been generated successfully
     * by this exemption mechanism object.
     */
    public final boolean isCryptoAllowed(Key key)
            throws ExemptionMechanismException {
        boolean ret = false;
        if (done && (key != null)) {
            // Check if the key passed in is the same as the one
            // this exemption mechanism used.
            ret = keyStored.equals(key);
        }
        return ret;
     }

    /**
     * Returns the length in bytes that an output buffer would need to be in
     * order to hold the result of the next
     * {@link #genExemptionBlob(byte[]) genExemptionBlob}
     * operation, given the input length <code>inputLen</code> (in bytes).
     *
     * <p>The actual output length of the next
     * {@link #genExemptionBlob(byte[]) genExemptionBlob}
     * call may be smaller than the length returned by this method.
     *
     * @param inputLen the input length (in bytes)
     *
     * @return the required output buffer size (in bytes)
     *
     * @exception IllegalStateException if this exemption mechanism is in a
     * wrong state (e.g., has not yet been initialized)
     */
    public final int getOutputSize(int inputLen) throws IllegalStateException {
        if (!initialized) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                "ExemptionMechanism not initialized");
        }
        if (inputLen < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                "Input size must be equal to " + "or greater than zero");
        }
        return exmechSpi.engineGetOutputSize(inputLen);
    }

    /**
     * Initializes this exemption mechanism with a key.
     *
     * <p>If this exemption mechanism requires any algorithm parameters
     * that cannot be derived from the given <code>key</code>, the
     * underlying exemption mechanism implementation is supposed to
     * generate the required parameters itself (using provider-specific
     * default values); in the case that algorithm parameters must be
     * specified by the caller, an <code>InvalidKeyException</code> is raised.
     *
     * @param key the key for this exemption mechanism
     *
     * @exception InvalidKeyException if the given key is inappropriate for
     * this exemption mechanism.
     * @exception ExemptionMechanismException if problem(s) encountered in the
     * process of initializing.
     */
    public final void init(Key key)
            throws InvalidKeyException, ExemptionMechanismException {
        done = false;
        initialized = false;

        keyStored = key;
        exmechSpi.engineInit(key);
        initialized = true;
    }

    /**
     * Initializes this exemption mechanism with a key and a set of algorithm
     * parameters.
     *
     * <p>If this exemption mechanism requires any algorithm parameters
     * and <code>params</code> is null, the underlying exemption
     * mechanism implementation is supposed to generate the required
     * parameters itself (using provider-specific default values); in the case
     * that algorithm parameters must be specified by the caller, an
     * <code>InvalidAlgorithmParameterException</code> is raised.
     *
     * @param key the key for this exemption mechanism
     * @param params the algorithm parameters
     *
     * @exception InvalidKeyException if the given key is inappropriate for
     * this exemption mechanism.
     * @exception InvalidAlgorithmParameterException if the given algorithm
     * parameters are inappropriate for this exemption mechanism.
     * @exception ExemptionMechanismException if problem(s) encountered in the
     * process of initializing.
     */
    public final void init(Key key, AlgorithmParameterSpec params)
            throws InvalidKeyException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException,
            ExemptionMechanismException {
        done = false;
        initialized = false;

        keyStored = key;
        exmechSpi.engineInit(key, params);
        initialized = true;
    }

    /**
     * Initializes this exemption mechanism with a key and a set of algorithm
     * parameters.
     *
     * <p>If this exemption mechanism requires any algorithm parameters
     * and <code>params</code> is null, the underlying exemption mechanism
     * implementation is supposed to generate the required parameters itself
     * (using provider-specific default values); in the case that algorithm
     * parameters must be specified by the caller, an
     * <code>InvalidAlgorithmParameterException</code> is raised.
     *
     * @param key the key for this exemption mechanism
     * @param params the algorithm parameters
     *
     * @exception InvalidKeyException if the given key is inappropriate for
     * this exemption mechanism.
     * @exception InvalidAlgorithmParameterException if the given algorithm
     * parameters are inappropriate for this exemption mechanism.
     * @exception ExemptionMechanismException if problem(s) encountered in the
     * process of initializing.
     */
    public final void init(Key key, AlgorithmParameters params)
            throws InvalidKeyException, InvalidAlgorithmParameterException,
            ExemptionMechanismException {
        done = false;
        initialized = false;

        keyStored = key;
        exmechSpi.engineInit(key, params);
        initialized = true;
    }

    /**
     * Generates the exemption mechanism key blob.
     *
     * @return the new buffer with the result key blob.
     *
     * @exception IllegalStateException if this exemption mechanism is in
     * a wrong state (e.g., has not been initialized).
     * @exception ExemptionMechanismException if problem(s) encountered in the
     * process of generating.
     */
    public final byte[] genExemptionBlob() throws IllegalStateException,
            ExemptionMechanismException {
        if (!initialized) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                "ExemptionMechanism not initialized");
        }
        byte[] blob = exmechSpi.engineGenExemptionBlob();
        done = true;
        return blob;
    }

    /**
     * Generates the exemption mechanism key blob, and stores the result in
     * the <code>output</code> buffer.
     *
     * <p>If the <code>output</code> buffer is too small to hold the result,
     * a <code>ShortBufferException</code> is thrown. In this case, repeat this
     * call with a larger output buffer. Use
     * {@link #getOutputSize(int) getOutputSize} to determine how big
     * the output buffer should be.
     *
     * @param output the buffer for the result
     *
     * @return the number of bytes stored in <code>output</code>
     *
     * @exception IllegalStateException if this exemption mechanism is in
     * a wrong state (e.g., has not been initialized).
     * @exception ShortBufferException if the given output buffer is too small
     * to hold the result.
     * @exception ExemptionMechanismException if problem(s) encountered in the
     * process of generating.
     */
    public final int genExemptionBlob(byte[] output)
            throws IllegalStateException, ShortBufferException,
            ExemptionMechanismException {
        if (!initialized) {
            throw new IllegalStateException
            ("ExemptionMechanism not initialized");
        }
        int n = exmechSpi.engineGenExemptionBlob(output, 0);
        done = true;
        return n;
    }

    /**
     * Generates the exemption mechanism key blob, and stores the result in
     * the <code>output</code> buffer, starting at <code>outputOffset</code>
     * inclusive.
     *
     * <p>If the <code>output</code> buffer is too small to hold the result,
     * a <code>ShortBufferException</code> is thrown. In this case, repeat this
     * call with a larger output buffer. Use
     * {@link #getOutputSize(int) getOutputSize} to determine how big
     * the output buffer should be.
     *
     * @param output the buffer for the result
     * @param outputOffset the offset in <code>output</code> where the result
     * is stored
     *
     * @return the number of bytes stored in <code>output</code>
     *
     * @exception IllegalStateException if this exemption mechanism is in
     * a wrong state (e.g., has not been initialized).
     * @exception ShortBufferException if the given output buffer is too small
     * to hold the result.
     * @exception ExemptionMechanismException if problem(s) encountered in the
     * process of generating.
     */
    public final int genExemptionBlob(byte[] output, int outputOffset)
            throws IllegalStateException, ShortBufferException,
            ExemptionMechanismException {
        if (!initialized) {
            throw new IllegalStateException
            ("ExemptionMechanism not initialized");
        }
        int n = exmechSpi.engineGenExemptionBlob(output, outputOffset);
        done = true;
        return n;
    }

    /**
     * Ensures that the key stored away by this ExemptionMechanism
     * object will be wiped out when there are no more references to it.
     */
    protected void finalize() {
        keyStored = null;
        // Are there anything else we could do?
    }
}
